二十四節(jié)氣 | 雨水：好雨知時(shí)節(jié)-天天快資訊

雨水，二十四節(jié)氣中的第二個(gè)節(jié)氣，于每年的正月十五前后（公歷2月18日－20日），太陽黃經(jīng)達(dá)330度時(shí)正式到來。此時(shí)，氣溫回升、冰雪融化、降水增多，故取名為“雨水”。

The Rain Water, the second of the 24 SolarTerms, falls around the Lantern Festival (between February 18 and 20 in the Gregorian calendar) each year, when the solar longitudereaches 330 degrees. By the time, the temperature begins to rise up, the snow and ice begin to melt, and rainfalls become frequent, hence the name “Rain Water”.

好 雨 知 時(shí) 節(jié)

(資料圖片僅供參考)

Good rain knows its time right

圖片來源：新華網(wǎng)

Photo from Xinhuanet.com

雨水是一個(gè)富有浪漫情調(diào)的節(jié)氣，在此時(shí)節(jié)的春雨，不同于疾風(fēng)驟雨的夏雨，不同于凄清冰涼的秋雨，它是潤(rùn)物細(xì)無聲的夜雨，是令人心生愉悅的杏花雨。雨水時(shí)節(jié)往往令人心情曠遠(yuǎn)舒暢，在文人墨客的筆下，也不乏感嘆時(shí)雨的詠春詩詞。

“天街小雨潤(rùn)如酥，草色遙看近卻無。”韓愈用“潤(rùn)如酥”來形容初春小雨的細(xì)滑潤(rùn)澤。草沾雨后，遠(yuǎn)看似青，近看卻無，描繪出了初春雨后的朦朧景象。

“好雨知時(shí)節(jié)，當(dāng)春乃發(fā)生。隨風(fēng)潛入夜，潤(rùn)物細(xì)無聲。”杜甫這首《春夜喜雨》以極大的喜悅之情細(xì)致地描繪了春雨的特點(diǎn)，意境淡雅，意蘊(yùn)清幽，詩境與畫境渾然一體，熱情地謳歌了來得及時(shí)、滋潤(rùn)萬物的春雨。

Rain Water is a solar term full of romance. Unlike sudden downpours in summer and cold showers in autumn, spring drizzles often fall at night, silently nurturingeverything on Earth; they are pleasant rainfalls alongside the falling apricot petals. Spring drizzles oftenmake one cheer up and feel happy. Across the ages, writers and poets have left numerous poems and proses eulogizing timely spring rains.

“The royal streets are moistened by a creamlike rain;Green grass can be perceived afar but not nearby.”In the poem, Han Yu described spring drizzle as smooth as cream, and the lawn after rain looking green when viewed from distance but colorless nearby. This poem vividly depicts the obscure scenery after rain in early spring.

“Good rain knows its time right;It will fall when comes spring.With wind it steals in night;Mute, it moistenseach thing.”In the poem “Happy Rain on a Spring Night”, Du Fu expressed his affection for the spring rain, and the scenery it portrays is full of elegance and tranquility. The poem is like a painting, eulogizing the timely spring rain that moistens everything.

圖片來源：新華網(wǎng)

Photo from Xinhuanet.com

如果說立春是一年時(shí)間的起始，那么雨水時(shí)節(jié)，就是一年生命的起始，從自然草木，到農(nóng)圃作物，再到人類本身，都在雨水時(shí)節(jié)展現(xiàn)出了無限的生命力和發(fā)展?jié)撃堋?/p>

If the solar term Beginning of Spring marks the start of the year, Rain Water heralds the beginning of life in the new year. Every living creature, ranging from plants and crops to human beings, demonstrates limitless vitality and potential with the arrival of Rain Water.

雨 水 與 驚 蟄

Rain Water and Awakeningof Insects

在如今的二十四節(jié)氣中，雨水作為春天的第二個(gè)節(jié)氣緊跟著立春，接下來是驚蟄、春分。但是在《漢書·律歷志》中，春天的前四個(gè)節(jié)氣順序卻是立春、驚蟄、雨水、春分，雨水與驚蟄的順序恰好相反，而這樣的歷法，在漢代曾經(jīng)通行過很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。

Of the current 24 Solar Terms, Rain Water is the second oneafter Beginning of Spring. The next two that follow it are Awakening of Inspect and Spring Equinox. In Book of Han—Records of Music and Calendar, however, the first four solar terms of spring in sequence were Beginning of Spring, Awakening of Insects, Rain Water, and Spring Equinox. But now, Rain Water falls prior to Awakening of Insects. The aforesaid calendar used to prevailfor a long time during the Han Dynasty (202 BC-220 AD).

圖片來源：新華網(wǎng)

Photo from Xinhuanet.com

那么，當(dāng)時(shí)的人們?yōu)楹我{(diào)換雨水和驚蟄的次序呢？據(jù)說是因?yàn)槿寮医?jīng)典《禮記·月令》當(dāng)中，對(duì)每一季、每個(gè)月的自然物候變化都有表述，且和后世節(jié)氣的名稱相似，比如《禮記·月令》在描述仲春（二月）的物候時(shí)，有“始雨水”的說法，其中的“雨水”與節(jié)氣中的“雨水”字面相同，但二十四節(jié)氣中雨水卻在一月，兩者頗有矛盾。所以西漢末年王莽改制時(shí)，國師劉歆奉命編定新的歷法《三統(tǒng)歷》，就將驚蟄放到了一月，雨水放到了二月。

So, why did people adjust the sequence of Rain Water and Awakening of Insects at that time? It is said that The Book of Rites—Lunar Termshas detailed depictions for phenologicalchanges in every month and every season, and the terms it used are similar to the names of the later 24 Solar Terms. For instance, when depicting the phenological traits of the second month of spring, The Book of Rites—Lunar Termssays that “rain water begins”. However, as a solar term, Rain Water fell in the first month of spring, which went against the depiction. For this reason, during Wang Mang’s reforms at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Yin, the High Priest, placed Awakening of Insects in the first month and Rain Water in the second month when he was ordered to compile the new calendar San Tong Li (“Triple Concordance Calendar”).

《宋書》 圖片來源：二十四史賞析

The Book of Song(Photo from Appreciation of the Twenty-Four Histories)

不過到了魏晉南北朝之后，越來越多的人開始重新認(rèn)可《淮南子》《逸周書》中對(duì)于二十四節(jié)氣的排序。在沈約《宋書·律歷志》和敦煌出土的北魏太武帝太平真君十一年的日歷中，二十四節(jié)氣里的雨水已經(jīng)回到農(nóng)歷一月，緊跟著立春，也就和現(xiàn)在一樣了。

After the Wei(220-266), Jin (266-420) and Southern and Northern Dynasties (420-589), more and more people began to re-recognize the sequence of the 24 Solar Terms in Writings of Prince Huainanand Lost Book of Zhou. Accordingto Shen Kuo’s Book of Song—Records of Music and Calendarand the calendarof 450, the 11th year of the Tianping Zhenjun reign of Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Rain Water as a solar term had been changed back to the first lunar month, following Beginning of Spring—just as today.

春 雨 貴 如 油

Rain in Springtime is as

Precious as Oil

初春時(shí)節(jié)

各地農(nóng)民搶抓農(nóng)時(shí)

圖片來源：新華網(wǎng)

Farmers are busy in spring plowing in early spring.

Photo from Xinhuanet.com

雨水是全年第一個(gè)反映降水的節(jié)氣。我國是農(nóng)業(yè)大國，深知“一年之計(jì)在于春”的農(nóng)人們，在經(jīng)歷過漫長(zhǎng)冬天的休息之后，將在雨水開啟新一年的忙碌……

俗話說：春雨貴如油。雨水節(jié)氣前后，油菜、冬麥普遍返青生長(zhǎng)，對(duì)水分的要求較高，因此春季適量的降水對(duì)農(nóng)作物的健康生長(zhǎng)有很重要的作用。

Rain Water is the first solar term of the year to indicate precipitation. China is a major agricultural country. Farmers believe that the whole year’s work depends on a good start in spring. After the slack season of winter, they begin a year’s farming work with the arrival of Rain Water.

A saying goes that rain in springtime is as precious as oil. Around Rain Water, winter crops as oilseed rape wheat begin to turn green, and they demand more water. Therefore, appropriate rainfalls are vital to the healthy growthof crops in springtime.

雨 水 暖，倒 春 寒

Cold Spell in Late Spring Despite Temperature Rise around Rain Water

一名游客春雨中漫步在梅花樹下

圖片來源：新華網(wǎng)

A tourist roams under a blooming plum tree in rain.

Photo from Xinhuanet.com

雨水時(shí)節(jié)，我國大部地區(qū)氣溫回升到零攝氏度以上，冰封的河水逐漸解凍。雖然這段時(shí)間氣溫回升較快，但活躍的冷空氣并未停歇，“倒春寒”時(shí)有發(fā)生。

隨著天氣轉(zhuǎn)暖，人體皮膚肌理開始疏松，抵御風(fēng)寒能力減弱，仍需隨時(shí)做好保暖工作，不過這時(shí)的“春捂”還應(yīng)注意適時(shí)適度。

此外，雨水時(shí)節(jié)地表濕氣漸增，溫潤(rùn)不燥，益于調(diào)養(yǎng)腸胃陽氣，健脾利濕。飲食方面應(yīng)注重營養(yǎng)均衡，五味不偏，常食新鮮果蔬，少吃油膩、生冷之物，同時(shí)注意精神調(diào)攝，做到勞逸適度，起居有常，以清邪利濕，和順肝氣。

注意個(gè)人保健也很重要。大地春回，萬物復(fù)蘇，各種細(xì)菌、病毒極易滋生和傳播，應(yīng)從各方面積極預(yù)防，保護(hù)好自己。經(jīng)常鍛煉身體，進(jìn)行有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)，提高和增強(qiáng)自身抵御疾病能力。

Around Rain Water, temperaturerises above freezing point in most parts of China, and iced rivers begin to thaw. Despite the rapid rise of temperature during the period, cold currents remain active, bringing chill to late spring.

As it turns warm, human skins become soft, resulting in the weakeningof cold-resistance capacity. For this reason, people still need to keep themselveswarm. However, excessive clothing during the period is also unhealthy.

In addition, the land becomes moist and the weather is moderate around Rain Water. It is a good time to nourish theintestines and stomach, enrich theyang, reinforce the spleen, and remove moisture of the body. People should pay attention to balanced dietby eating various kinds of food. They are suggested to eat more fresh fruits and vegetables and less greasy, cold foods. Moreover, peopleneed to smoothen their minds, work and rest appropriately, and keep regular hours in daily life, so as to dispel evil, remove dampness, and strengthen the liver and inner energy.

It is important to maintain personal health. With the arrival of spring, everything regains life. It is easy for variousgerms and viruses to grow and spread. Therefore, people need to strengthen disease preventionand protect themselves well. They should do exercises, especially aerobics, on a regular manner, so as to enhance their capacity to resist diseases.

【參考資料】

1. 人民日?qǐng)?bào)：《今日雨水丨好雨知時(shí)節(jié) 當(dāng)春乃發(fā)生》

2. 徐麗成：《在“二十四節(jié)氣”里讀懂中國丨雨水：生命萌動(dòng)的時(shí)節(jié)，蘊(yùn)含無限潛能》

3. 封面新聞：《我們的節(jié)日·口述民俗丨東風(fēng)解凍，散而為雨 關(guān)于“雨水”，你知道多少？》

4. 新華網(wǎng)：《今日迎來“雨水”節(jié)氣 仍需預(yù)防“倒春寒”注意保暖》

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